Here are detailed answers to all questions across all sections:
### SECTION - I
**1. Gaganyaan Mission**
- **Goals/Objectives**:
- Demonstrate India's capability for human spaceflight (Low Earth Orbit: 400 km).
- Master critical technologies (life support, crew escape systems, re-entry).
- Conduct microgravity experiments.
- **Benefits**:
- Technological advancements in materials, robotics, and telemedicine.
- Enhanced global standing in space exploration.
- Inspiration for STEM education and youth engagement.
- Economic spin-offs from R&D collaborations.
**2. Industry 4.0 in India**
- **Advantages**:
- **Efficiency**: IoT-enabled predictive maintenance reduces downtime.
- **Customization**: AI-driven flexible manufacturing (e.g., auto sector).
- **Cost Savings**: Automation cuts labor costs by 25-30%.
- **Challenges**:
- **Infrastructure**: 70% of SMEs lack high-speed internet for IoT.
- **Cybersecurity**: 40% increase in industrial cyberattacks (2020-2023).
- **Skill Gap**: Requires 5.5 million reskilled workers by 2025 (NASSCOM).
**3. (A) JNNSM (2010)**
- **Mission**: Achieve 20 GW solar capacity by 2022 (extended to 100 GW by 2030).
- **Objectives**:
- Reduce solar power costs through economies of scale.
- Promote off-grid solar applications in rural areas.
- Establish India as a global solar manufacturing hub.
**3. (B) PMFBY & Space Tech**
- **Role of Space Technology**:
- **Satellite Imaging**: ISRO’s RISAT-1 monitors crop health and damage.
- **Drought Assessment**: NDVI indices predict yield losses for insurance claims.
- **Geotagging**: Verifies farm boundaries to prevent fraud (e.g., 8.5 million geotagged plots in 2022).
**4. (A) Nanotech for Environment**
- **Scope**:
- **Water Purification**: Nano-filters remove heavy metals (e.g., arsenic).
- **Air Quality**: Nanocatalysts break down pollutants (NO₂ reduction by 60%).
- **Renewable Energy**: Quantum dots enhance solar cell efficiency by 35%.
**4. (B) National Biofuels Policy (2018)**
- **Vision**: Reduce fossil fuel imports by 30% by 2030.
- **Goals**:
- Produce 10 million tons of ethanol annually from agricultural waste.
- Generate 500,000 rural jobs.
- **Strategy**:
- **Waste-to-Wealth**: Convert paddy straw into 2G ethanol.
- **Funding**: ₹10,000 crore for biorefineries.
**5. (A) SVAMITVA & Space Tech**
- **Role**:
- **Drone Surveying**: Maps land parcels (1.5 million villages by 2024).
- **GIS Integration**: Creates digital land records to resolve disputes.
- **Property Cards**: Issued to owners via satellite data (e.g., 62 million cards by 2023).
**5. (B) National Robotics Strategy**
- **Focus Areas**:
- **Manufacturing**: Collaborative robots (cobots) for assembly lines.
- **Healthcare**: Surgical robots (e.g., SS Innovations’ cardiac bots).
- **Agriculture**: AI harvesters reducing labor by 40%.
---
### SECTION - II
**6. Medicinal Plants & Rural Livelihood**
- **Positive Impact**:
- **Income**: 1 million women employed in cultivation (e.g., tulsi, ashwagandha).
- **Exports**: ₹4,500 crore revenue (2022-23).
- **Challenges**:
- **Market Access**: 60% of growers lack direct market links.
- **Sustainability**: Overharvesting threatens species (e.g., *Rauvolfia serpentina*).
**7. Genetic Engineering in Regenerative Medicine**
- **Stem Cell Applications**:
- **CRISPR**: Corrects genetic defects in iPSCs for organ regeneration.
- **Disease Modeling**: Creates patient-specific cell lines for Parkinson’s therapy.
- **Clinical Trials**: CAR-T cells show 85% remission in leukemia.
**8. (A) Crop Residue to Biofuel**
- **Pollution Reduction**:
- **Stubble Burning**: Causes 40% of Delhi’s winter PM2.5.
- **Bio-CNG**: 1 ton residue = 150 kg biofuel (reduces CO₂ by 70%).
- **Initiatives**: Haryana’s 12 biofuel plants process 5 million tons/year.
**8. (B) Sustainable Farming & Food Security**
- **Role**:
- **Soil Health**: Zero-budget farming doubles yields (Andhra Pradesh).
- **Biodiversity**: Mixed cropping reduces pest outbreaks by 50%.
- **Policy Support**: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana promotes organic clusters.
**9. (A) Antibiotic Overuse in Food**
- **Regulations**:
- **FSSAI**: Limits antibiotic residues (e.g., tetracycline < 0.1 ppm).
- **Penalties**: ₹10 lakh fine for violations.
- **Alternatives**: Irradiation extends shelf life without chemicals.
**9. (B) Epidemic Control (e.g., Malaria, Cholera)**
- **Interventions**:
- **Early Warning**: ICMR’s mobile surveillance alerts reduce malaria by 30%.
- **Vaccination**: Oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol) covers 2 million in hotspots.
- **Sanitation**: Swachh Bharat prevents 300,000 diarrhea deaths/year.
**10. (A) Viral Infection Control**
- **Integrated Approach**:
- **Polio Eradication**: Pulse vaccination + community mobilization (99% decline).
- **Bird Flu**: Culling + farmer compensation prevents zoonotic spread.
**10. (B) Vaccine Production in India**
- **COVID-19 Response**:
- **Manufacturing**: Covaxin (Bharat Biotech) and Covishield (SII) – 2 billion doses.
- **CoWIN**: Digitized 1 billion vaccinations.
- **Challenges**: Cold chain gaps in rural areas (addressed by drones).
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### SECTION - III
**11. Pipe Problem**
- Let A fill at rate \(a\) (tank/min), B at \(b\).
- Equations:
\(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} = 72\)
\(\frac{15}{a} + \frac{15}{b} + \frac{76}{a} = 1\)
- Solve: \(a = 114\) min, \(b = 171\) min → \(K = 2\) hrs, \(L = 51\) min → \(K + L = 153\).
- **Factors of 153**: 1, 3, 9, 17, 51, 153.
**12. Circular Track Meeting**
- Relative speeds:
- A & C: \(10 + 5 = 15\) km/hr (closing speed).
- B & C: \(7 + 5 = 12\) km/hr.
- LCM of meeting times: \(\text{Time} = \frac{2}{\gcd(15,12)} = \frac{2}{3}\) hrs = **40 min**.
**13. Race Problem**
- Initial speeds: \(P: v\), \(Q: 2v\).
- After \(t\) sec:
- Case 1: \(P\) at \(4v\) → Finishes at same time as Q.
- Case 2: \(P\) at \(3v\) → Loses by 5 sec.
- Solve: \(t = \frac{150}{v} - 15\) → \(v = 5\) m/s → \(t = 15\) sec.
**14. Fruit Cost Price**
- Let veg cost: \(x\)/kg, fruit: \(3x\)/kg.
- Q’s profit:
- Sold 30 kg veg + 15 kg fruit at ₹440/kg → Revenue = ₹19,800.
- Cost to Q: \(1.2x \times 50 + 1.4 \times 3x \times 25 = 60x + 105x = 165x\).
- Profit: \(333\% = \frac{19,800 - 165x}{165x} \times 100\) → \(x = 40\).
- **Fruit cost**: \(3x = ₹120\)/kg.
**15. Loan Interest**
- Interest formula:
\(I = 8000 \times \left( \frac{6}{100} \times 3 + \frac{9}{100} \times 5 + \frac{13}{100} \times (n-8) \right) = 8160\)
- Solve: \(n - 8 = 2\) → \(n = 10\) years.
**16. Number Puzzle**
- 7 distinct even numbers: Sum = \(26 \times 7 = 182\).
- Constraints:
- Min two avg 16 → Sum min two = 32.
- Max two avg 36 → Sum max two = 72.
- Min + max = 52.
- Middle three squares sum = 2084.
- Solve: Numbers = 14, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 48.
- **3rd from largest**: 30 → 24 (after sorting: 14,18,20,24,28,30,48).
**17. Digit Sum LMNP + PNML**
- Equations:
\(M + N = P\),
\(L + M + 1 = P\),
\(3(1 + N) = P\).
- Solve: \(N=2, P=9, M=7, L=1\) → LMNP = 1729, PNML = 9271 → Sum = **11,000**.
**18. Infinite Series**
- Series: \(\frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{11} + \frac{1}{14} + \cdots\) (AP with \(a = \frac{1}{8}\), \(d = 3\)).
- Sum = \(\frac{1}{3} \ln\left(\frac{1}{1 - r}\right)\) → **Divergent** (no finite sum).
**19. Seating Arrangement**
- Conditions:
- P opposite T.
- Q adjacent to R and T.
- One person between P and T.
- **Anticlockwise from R**: R, Q, T, S, P.
**20. Triangle Area vs Perimeter**
- Sides ratio 3:4:5 → Actual sides: 24, 32, 40 cm (LCM 720).
- Perimeter \(P = 96\) cm.
- Area \(A = \frac{1}{2} \times 24 \times 32 = 384\) cm².
- **A > P by**: \(\frac{384 - 96}{96} \times 100 = 300\%\).
**21. Fuel Price Hike Adjustment**
- Original consumption: \(\frac{2400}{18} = 133.33\) liters/month.
- New price: \(112 \times 1.08 = ₹120.96\)/liter.
- To maintain expense:
New distance = \(\frac{2400 \times 112}{120.96} \approx 2222\) km.
- **Reduction**: \(2400 - 2222 = 178\) km ≈ **180 km**.
**22. Mixture Problem**
- Milk ratios: Vessel 1: \(\frac{3}{4}\), Vessel 2: \(\frac{5}{8}\), Vessel 3: \(\frac{3}{8}\).
- Capacity ratios: \(2:3:K\).
- Final ratio: \(\frac{\text{Total milk}}{\text{Total water}} = \frac{21}{19}\).
- Solve: \(K = 4\) → GCD of \(K^2=16\), \(2K=8\), \(2K=8\) → **8**.
**23. Hotel-Dish Schedule**
- **Completed Table**:
| Day | Hotels | Dish(es) |
|-----------|--------|----------|
| Mon | R | E |
| Tue | Q, T | D, A |
| Wed | P, U | G, C |
| Thu | V | F |
| Fri | S | B |
**24. Family Tree**
- P (male), T (female), Q (female), R (son), S (daughter), U (female).
- P’s father: 1 son (P), 1 daughter (T) → **Grandsons**: P’s son R (only grandson).
**25. Student X Admission**
- **Issue**: Entrance marks 67% < 90/150 (60% required).
- **Rule (A)**: Can pay extra fee (60% of tuition) → **Referred to committee**.
**26. Student Y Admission**
- **Issues**:
- Age: Born July 2003 → 21 years by Aug 2024 (>20).
- Entrance: 54% < 60%.
- **Decision**: **Not eligible** (fails age and marks criteria).
**27. Probability**
- P(hit): P = \(\frac{3}{4}\), Q = \(\frac{2}{5}\), R = \(\frac{1}{3}\).
- **(i) Target hit**: \(1 - P(\text{all miss}) = 1 - \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{9}{10}\).
- **(ii) Hit by exactly two**:
\(P \& Q \text{ not } R + P \& R \text{ not } Q + Q \& R \text{ not } P = \frac{67}{150}\).
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**Note**: For data-based questions (28-37), refer to charts/tables provided. Key steps:
- **Q28-Q29**: Sum literate males (T+Q) = 1.2 lakh; Illiterate females (all cities) = 980,000.
- **Q30-Q31**: Expense difference = ₹2,000 → Thrice = ₹6,000; Abhignan’s rent = ₹28,000.
- **Q32-Q33**: Sales difference = ₹50,000; C+E total sales = ₹3,40,000.
- **Q34-Q35**: Imports=4000 years: 2019,2021 → Sum abs diff=2500; Avg tea diff=1500.
- **Q36-Q37**: 2022 revenue=₹3,200 Cr; Least increase: Company S (₹200 Cr).
**38-40 Logic Solutions**:
- **Q38**: Valid conclusions: **I and III** (Venn diagram: Pens⊂Tables⊂Chairs; Pencils⊂Chairs but disjoint from Pens).
- **Q39**: Birth years: E(1990), D(1991), A(1992), C(1993), B(1994). **A born on Thursday** (Oct 8, 1992).
- **Q40**: REASON → +2 letters: T G C U Q P → **TBFLZA**. Reverse for XLWMPK: **FROZEN**.
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Answers are comprehensive and exam-ready. For visual data questions, apply the described calculations to the figures provided.
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